Phonics Assessment Tools: How to Measure Reading Progress Effectively

phonicsorg on June 2, 2025

The journey to reading proficiency isn’t linear—it’s filled with plateaus, leaps forward, and occasional steps back. This natural variability makes systematic assessment not just helpful but essential. When we regularly measure phonics skills with appropriate tools, we gain invaluable insights that guide our instruction, identify struggling readers early, and celebrate genuine progress.

The Science Behind Effective Phonics Assessment

Effective phonics assessment is grounded in our scientific understanding of how children learn to read. The simple view of reading, a framework supported by decades of research, tells us that reading comprehension is the product of two essential components: 

  1. Decoding skills
  2. Language comprehension

Phonics assessment specifically targets the decoding component, measuring how well children can apply their knowledge of letter-sound relationships to read words. So, what makes a phonics assessment effective? 

The National Reading Panel identifies several key characteristics:

  • It must be valid (measuring what it claims to measure)
  • It must be reliable (producing consistent results)
  • It must be sensitive enough to detect small increments of growth
  • It must align with evidence-based reading instruction

Essential Phonics Assessment Tools for Different Grade Levels

Early Literacy Screeners (Pre-K and Kindergarten)

PALS-K (Phonological Awareness Literacy Screening for Kindergarten) 

This comprehensive assessment evaluates rhyme awareness, beginning sound awareness, alphabet knowledge, letter-sound knowledge, and concept of word. It typically takes 20-25 minutes per student and provides clear benchmarks for kindergarten readiness.

DIBELS 8th Edition (Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills) 

The updated DIBELS assessment includes measures of first sound fluency, letter naming fluency, and phoneme segmentation fluency—all critical precursors to phonics mastery. Each subtest takes just 1-3 minutes, making this an efficient screening tool.

PAST (Phonological Awareness Screening Test) 

This free, individually administered assessment evaluates phonological awareness at increasingly complex levels. It helps identify specific areas of phonological processing that may need targeted instruction before formal phonics teaching.

Core Phonics Assessments (Grades K-2)

CORE Phonics Survey 

This comprehensive assessment evaluates alphabet skills, reading and spelling of CVC words, blends, digraphs, and more complex phonics patterns. Taking about 10-15 minutes per student, it provides a detailed profile of phonics knowledge.

Phonics and Word Reading Survey (PWRS) 

Developed by literacy expert Timothy Shanahan, this assessment evaluates students’ ability to apply phonics knowledge when reading words in isolation. It systematically samples different phonics patterns to identify specific areas of strength and weakness.

Really Great Reading’s Diagnostic Decoding Surveys 

These assessments evaluate students’ ability to decode words with various phonics features. They help identify whether students struggle with basic sound-symbol correspondence, blending, or applying phonics knowledge to multisyllabic words.

Advanced Phonics and Decoding Assessments (Grades 2-3)

Words Their Way Spelling Inventories 

These assessments evaluate students’ knowledge of more complex orthographic patterns through spelling. Results place students at specific developmental stages and guide appropriate instruction.

TOWRE-2 (Test of Word Reading Efficiency) 

This norm-referenced test measures word reading accuracy and fluency, with distinct subtests for sight word efficiency and phonemic decoding efficiency. It helps identify students who can decode accurately but lack automaticity.

Quick Phonics Screener (QPS) 

This assessment evaluates phonics knowledge from basic CVC words through multisyllabic words with various syllable types. It’s particularly useful for identifying specific phonics patterns that older struggling readers haven’t mastered.

Create a Balanced Assessment System: Formal and Informal Measures

A truly effective assessment system balances formal measures with ongoing informal assessment to capture both the big picture of student progress and the day-to-day fluctuations in skill application.

Formal Assessment Components

Universal Screeners (3 times per year) 

These brief assessments identify students who may be at risk for reading difficulties. They’re typically administered to all students at the beginning, middle, and end of the school year. Examples include DIBELS, AIMSweb, and MAP Reading Fluency.

Diagnostic Assessments (as needed) 

When screening indicates potential concerns, diagnostic assessments provide more detailed information about specific skill deficits. These might include comprehensive phonics inventories, phonological awareness tests, or more specific decoding measures.

Progress Monitoring (biweekly to monthly) 

For students receiving intervention, regular progress monitoring using parallel forms of assessment helps determine whether the intervention is working. Tools like DIBELS Progress Monitoring passages or curriculum-based measurements track growth over time.

Informal Assessment Approaches

Running Records 

These provide in-the-moment information about how students apply phonics knowledge during connected reading. Note which phonics patterns cause decoding difficulties and whether students self-correct errors.

Word Sorts 

Observing how students categorize words by phonics patterns can reveal their understanding of sound-symbol relationships. Pay attention to their reasoning and any consistent misconceptions.

Teacher-Created Check-ins 

Brief, targeted assessments of recently taught phonics patterns help determine whether whole-class instruction was effective or whether some students need reteaching. These might be simple dictation tasks or quick word-reading checks.

Anecdotal Notes 

Systematic observation during phonics application activities provides valuable insights about the transfer of skills. Create a simple recording system to document which students consistently apply which phonics patterns.

Interpret Assessment Data to Drive Instruction

Collecting assessment data is only valuable if we use it effectively to inform instruction. Here’s a systematic process for turning assessment results into actionable teaching plans:

Step 1: Analyze Patterns, Not Just Scores

Look beyond the numbers to identify specific skill strengths and gaps:

  • Which phonics patterns has the student mastered?
  • Which patterns cause consistent errors?
  • Are errors related to specific phonemes, blending, or application?
  • Does performance differ between reading and spelling tasks?

Step 2: Group Students by Instructional Needs

Based on assessment results, create flexible groups for targeted instruction:

  • Students with similar phonics needs can be grouped for focused small-group work
  • Consider both skill level and learning pace when forming groups
  • Plan for regular reassessment and regrouping as students progress at different rates

Step 3: Match Instruction to Assessment Findings

Design targeted instruction that directly addresses identified needs:

  • If assessment shows students struggle with consonant blends, plan explicit lessons on these patterns
  • If students can decode accurately but slowly, focus on building automaticity through repeated reading of decodable texts
  • If students apply phonics in isolation but not in context, provide more connected reading practice with controlled text

Step 4: Set Clear, Measurable Goals

Establish specific targets based on assessment results:

  • “Jasmine will accurately decode words with r-controlled vowels in 8 out of 10 attempts by November 15.”
  • “The yellow group will increase nonsense word fluency from 15 correct letter sounds per minute to 25 by mid-trimester.”
  • “Carlos will apply knowledge of digraphs while reading connected text with 90% accuracy.”

Step 5: Monitor Progress Regularly

Determine appropriate intervals for reassessment:

  • Students significantly below the benchmark may need weekly progress monitoring
  • Students approaching benchmarks might be monitored biweekly or monthly
  • Use brief, targeted measures rather than readministering comprehensive assessments

Support Struggling Readers: Assessment for Intervention

For students who struggle with phonics acquisition, more intensive assessment approaches help pinpoint the nature of their difficulties and guide appropriate intervention.

Diagnostic Depth for Struggling Readers

Phonological Awareness Diagnostics 

Tools like the Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing (CTOPP-2) help determine whether phonological processing deficits underlie phonics difficulties. This is particularly important since approximately 85% of struggling readers have phonological weaknesses.

Error Pattern Analysis 

Systematically analyze decoding errors to identify patterns. Does the student consistently confuse certain vowel sounds? Omit endings? Struggle with specific consonant blends? These patterns guide targeted intervention.

Rapid Automatized Naming (RAN) Assessment 

Measures of naming speed help identify students with potential double deficits (difficulties with both phonological processing and rapid naming), who often require more intensive intervention approaches.

Creating Effective Intervention Plans

Assessment results should translate directly into intervention design:

Intensity Variables

  • Frequency: How many days per week?
  • Duration: How many minutes per session?
  • Group size: Individual, small group (2-3), or larger group (4-6)?

Content Focus

  • Targeted phonics patterns identified in the assessment
  • Prerequisite skills that may be missing
  • Application in controlled, decodable text

Instructional Approach

  • Highly explicit and systematic
  • Multisensory when possible
  • Higher levels of repetition and practice
  • Cumulative review of previously taught skills

Technology-Enhanced Assessment Tools: Efficiency and Insight

Modern phonics assessment has been transformed by technology, offering both efficiency and deeper insights into student learning:

Adaptive Digital Assessments 

Platforms like MAP Reading Fluency use adaptive technology to efficiently measure phonics skills, automatically adjusting difficulty based on student responses to pinpoint instructional levels in minutes rather than hours.

Automated Progress Monitoring 

Tools like AIMSweb Plus and Acadience Learning Online provide digital delivery of traditional measures, with automated scoring and immediate data visualization to track progress over time.

Comprehensive Digital Literacy Platforms 

Systems like i-Ready, Lexia Core5, and Amplify mCLASS integrate assessment with instruction, providing both screening measures and ongoing formative assessment tied directly to digital learning activities.

When evaluating technology-enhanced assessment options, consider:

  • Alignment with the science of reading principles
  • Technical adequacy (reliability and validity evidence)
  • User experience for both teachers and students
  • Data reporting features and actionability
  • Integration with existing curriculum and intervention systems

Build a Culture of Assessment for Growth

The most effective schools approach phonics assessment not as a compliance exercise but as a core component of their instructional culture:

Professional Learning Communities

Create structured opportunities for teachers to collaboratively analyze assessment data:

  • Grade-level teams meet regularly to review class-wide and individual student data
  • Vertical teams ensure consistent assessment and instructional responses across grade levels
  • Data meetings follow protocols that move from analysis to action planning

Parent Communication

Share assessment information with families in accessible ways:

  • Translate technical assessment terms into parent-friendly language
  • Provide visual representations of student progress over time
  • Connect assessment results to specific home support activities
  • Celebrate growth and improvement, not just benchmark achievement

Student Involvement

Engage students in understanding their own assessment data:

  • Develop age-appropriate ways for students to track their own progress
  • Help students set personal goals based on assessment results
  • Teach students to recognize their phonics strengths and areas for growth
  • Create a classroom culture that values improvement over perfection

Assessment as the Compass for Reading Success

Effective phonics assessment provides the roadmap for teaching reading well. When we systematically measure students’ developing phonics skills with appropriate tools, we gain the insights needed to deliver precise, targeted instruction that moves every child forward.

The most powerful assessment systems balance efficiency with depth, formal measures with informal observations, and technological tools with teacher expertise. They prioritize actionable information over mere data collection and connect assessment directly to instructional response.

As you refine your approach to phonics assessment, remember that the ultimate goal extends beyond measurement to transformation—creating confident, capable readers who apply their phonics knowledge automatically as they engage with increasingly complex texts.

For more guidance on evidence-based literacy assessment and instruction, continue exploring the resources available at Phonics.org. Our team is committed to helping educators and parents implement assessment practices that illuminate the path to reading success for every child.

Phonics Games for the Classroom: 10 Teacher-Approved Activities

phonicsorg on May 29, 2025

Learning to read shouldn’t feel like a chore. When children associate reading with enjoyment, they’re more likely to develop into lifelong readers who approach books with enthusiasm rather than dread. This is where phonics games enter the picture, transforming what could be mundane letter-sound practice into engaging, memorable learning experiences that children eagerly anticipate.

Research consistently shows that playful learning environments enhance knowledge retention. The magic happens when children are so engrossed in play that they don’t realize they’re cementing critical literacy skills that will serve them throughout their lives.

The Science Behind Gamified Phonics Learning

The effectiveness of games in phonics instruction isn’t just anecdotal—it’s rooted in cognitive science. When children play games, their brains release dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and motivation. This creates a positive learning environment where children are more receptive to new information and more likely to persist through challenges.

Educational research has consistently demonstrated that gamified learning creates multiple neural pathways in the brain. When students engage with phonemic concepts through visual, auditory, and kinesthetic activities, they develop stronger connections and better retention. This multi-sensory approach is particularly beneficial for struggling readers who need diverse ways to process information.

Games also support differentiated instruction, allowing teachers to address various learning needs simultaneously. While playing in small groups, children who need additional support can receive it without feeling singled out, while advanced students can be challenged with more complex variations of the same game.

Top 10 Phonics Games That Actually Work

1. Sound Hopscotch

Transform your classroom floor into a phonics learning station with Sound Hopscotch. Draw or tape a traditional hopscotch grid, but instead of numbers, write target letters, digraphs, or blends in each square. As children hop, they must pronounce the sound represented in each square. For advanced learners, have them generate a word using that sound before hopping to the next square.

Materials needed: Chalk, masking tape, or printed letters laminated for durability 

Skills addressed: Letter-sound correspondence, phoneme isolation 

Adaptation for struggling readers: Start with just five squares using highly distinguishable sounds

2. Phoneme Fishing

Fill a small kiddie pool or box with magnetic letters and provide children with fishing rods made from dowels, string, and magnets. Call out specific sounds, and children must “fish” for the corresponding letters. For added challenge, call out words and have students fish for all the letters needed to spell them.

Materials needed: Magnetic letters, homemade fishing rods, container 

Skills addressed: Letter-sound correspondence, phoneme segmentation 

Group size: 3-4 students

3. Blend Card Relay

Divide students into teams and place letter cards at one end of the room. Call out a word, and one student from each team runs to select the letters needed to spell it, bringing them back one at a time. The first team to correctly blend and read the assembled word wins the round.

Materials needed: Letter cards (preferably large format) 

Skills addressed: Blending, letter-sound correspondence, teamwork 

Best for grades: K-2

4. Sound Sorting Treasure Hunt

Hide objects or picture cards around the classroom. Children search for items, then sort them into containers labeled with different beginning sounds, vowel patterns, or rhyme, depending on your instructional focus.

Materials needed: Small objects or picture cards, labeled containers 

Skills addressed: Phoneme categorization, initial/medial/final sound identification 

Adaptation: For advanced students, use multiple phonemic features for sorting

5. Phonics Bingo

Create bingo cards with target phonics patterns instead of numbers. Call out words that contain these patterns, and students mark the corresponding square. The first to complete a row wins. This classic game can be easily adapted for different phonics skills.

Materials needed: Custom bingo cards, markers 

Skills addressed: Pattern recognition, phoneme identification 

Versatility: Can focus on blends, digraphs, vowel patterns, or syllable types

6. Sound Swap

Students sit in a circle, each holding a letter card. The teacher reads a word, and students with the relevant letters must arrange themselves to spell it. Then call out a new word that can be made by changing just one letter, and students must rearrange accordingly. For example, “cat” to “hat” to “hit” to “hip.”

Materials needed: Large letter cards 

Skills addressed: Phoneme manipulation, spelling patterns 

Group size: 6-10 students

7. Nonsense Word Challenge

Create cards with decodable nonsense words. Students take turns drawing cards and reading the made-up words using their phonics knowledge. Award points for accurate decoding, with bonus points for creating a silly definition or using the nonsense word in a sentence.

Materials needed: Nonsense word cards 

Skills addressed: Decoding, phoneme blending 

Why it works: Nonsense words prevent reliance on memorization and ensure students are truly applying phonics skills

8. Phonics Scavenger Hunt

Create a list of phonics features (e.g., “something with a short ‘a’ sound” or “something with the ‘sh’ digraph”). Students explore the classroom or school to find and document items that match each criterion, either by writing them down or taking photos if devices are available.

Materials needed: Scavenger hunt lists, writing materials or devices 

Skills addressed: Real-world application of phonics knowledge, phoneme identification 

Extension: Can be sent home as a family engagement activity

9. Sound Slap

Place letter cards or phonics pattern cards on a table. Call out a sound or word containing a target pattern, and students race to slap the corresponding card. The first to correctly identify the phonics element keeps the card, with the goal of collecting the most cards.

Materials needed: Letter or phonics pattern cards 

Skills addressed: Quick phonics recognition, auditory processing 

Small group size: 2-4 students

10. Phonics Board Games

Adapt classic board games like Candyland or Chutes and Ladders with phonics challenges. To move spaces, students must read words, identify sounds, or complete phonics tasks appropriate to their level. Commercial options exist, but teacher-created versions can be perfectly tailored to your classroom’s current focus.

Materials needed: Adapted board game, challenge cards 

Skills addressed: Various phonics skills depending on design 

Flexibility: Easily adaptable for different skill levels and phonics elements

Implement Games Effectively in Your Phonics Curriculum

While phonics games are unquestionably valuable, they’re most effective when thoughtfully integrated into a comprehensive literacy program. The Science of Reading reminds us that systematic, explicit phonics instruction forms the backbone of effective reading education. Games should enhance—not replace—this structured approach.

Consider using games at strategic points in your instructional sequence: as engaging warm-ups to introduce new concepts, as practice activities to reinforce recently taught skills, or as assessment tools to gauge understanding in a low-pressure environment.

When selecting games, ensure alignment with your current instructional focus. If you’re teaching short vowel sounds, prioritize games that specifically target this skill. This intentional alignment strengthens the connection between explicit instruction and playful practice.

Also, consider the grouping implications of different games. Some activities work best with partners, small groups, or whole-class participation. Strategic grouping can address specific learning needs—pairing struggling readers with supportive peers or creating homogeneous skill groups for targeted practice.

Differentiating Phonics Games for All Learners

One of the greatest strengths of game-based learning is its adaptability for diverse learning needs. With thoughtful modifications, the same basic game structure can challenge advanced readers while supporting those still mastering foundational skills.

For struggling readers, consider these adaptations:

  • Reduce the number of phonics elements addressed in each game session
  • Provide visual supports, such as sound-spelling cards, for reference
  • Allow more processing time by adjusting game pacing
  • Use larger print and high-contrast materials for visual clarity
  • Pre-teach key concepts before game play

For advanced readers:

  • Introduce more complex phonics patterns or multisyllabic words
  • Add time constraints to build automaticity
  • Include writing components alongside reading activities
  • Challenge students to generate their own examples
  • Incorporate unfamiliar words to push vocabulary development

English language learners benefit from games that:

  • Include visual representations alongside text
  • Explicitly connect to vocabulary development
  • Provide opportunities to hear correct pronunciation
  • Allow for choral responses before individual turns
  • Incorporate physical movement to reinforce meaning

How to Know Your Phonics Games Are Working

While the smiles and engagement during game time provide immediate feedback, intentional assessment helps ensure these activities are driving actual learning outcomes. The most effective teachers regularly gather data on student progress, using both formal and informal measures.

Before implementing new phonics games, establish baseline performance on target skills. This might involve quick checks of letter-sound knowledge, nonsense word reading fluency, or application of specific phonics patterns in writing. After several weeks of incorporating games targeting these skills, reassess to measure growth.

Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS) offer research-validated tools for monitoring phonics progress. These brief assessments can be administered periodically to track improvement in areas like phoneme segmentation fluency and nonsense word fluency—both critical indicators of phonics mastery.

Beyond formal assessments, observe students during game play. 

  • Are they applying the target skill correctly? 
  • Do they show increasing confidence and speed? 
  • Are they beginning to self-correct errors? 

These observations provide valuable information about the effectiveness of your game-based instruction.

Parent feedback can also reveal the impact of your phonics games. When children spontaneously point out phonics patterns in environmental print or eagerly practice reading at home, you’re seeing evidence that your classroom games are fostering a transfer of skills to 

Make Phonics Games Part of Your Teaching Toolkit

The most successful implementation of phonics games happens when they become an integrated, expected part of your literacy instruction rather than occasional “special” activities. Consider establishing a predictable routine for game-based practice, perhaps during small group rotations or as a whole-class activity to start or end the literacy block.

Create a designated area in your classroom for phonics games, with materials organized and accessible. This might be a shelf labeled “Phonics Fun” or activity bins coded by skill. When students can independently access appropriate games during choice time or center rotations, you’re fostering both literacy skills and student autonomy.

Document your most successful games in a teaching journal, noting specific adaptations that worked well for different students. This reflective practice helps refine your approach over time and builds a personalized resource you can share with colleagues or refer to in subsequent years.

Remember that while the games themselves are important, your enthusiasm and engagement as the teacher significantly impact their effectiveness. When you model enjoyment of phonics activities, students are more likely to develop positive associations with reading instruction.

Game On for Reading Success

The research is clear: when children enjoy learning, they learn better. Phonics games transform potentially dry skill practice into engaging experiences that children eagerly anticipate. By thoughtfully selecting and implementing these activities, you’re not just teaching letter-sound correspondence—you’re fostering a love of language that can last a lifetime.

As you incorporate these games into your classroom, remember that the goal extends beyond phonics mastery to developing confident, enthusiastic readers. The laughter during Sound Hopscotch and the focused concentration during Phonics Bingo are stepping stones toward this larger aim.

For more creative, evidence-based literacy activities and the latest research on effective phonics instruction, regularly visit Phonics.org. Our team is committed to supporting your teaching journey with practical tools and trusted information that help all children become successful readers.

What is Inference? Helping Young Readers Become Critical Thinkers

phonicsorg on May 21, 2025

Your five-year-old is listening to you read “Little Red Riding Hood.” When the wolf appears dressed as Grandma, your child exclaims, “That’s not Grandma! It’s the wolf trying to trick her!” In this moment, your child has just demonstrated inference—a critical thinking skill that forms the foundation of reading comprehension long before they can decode words independently. While we often associate inference with older students analyzing complex texts, this vital skill begins developing in the earliest stages of literacy.

What is Inference and Why Does it Matter for Young Readers?

Inference is the ability to “read between the lines”—to understand information that isn’t directly stated but is implied by context, prior knowledge, and clues within the text. It’s the mental process of connecting what we know with what we observe to draw logical conclusions.

For young children, inference begins with everyday observations: “Mommy has her keys and purse. We must be going somewhere!” This natural detective work forms the cognitive foundation for later reading comprehension.

The building blocks of inference begin developing during the pre-reading stage, when children are learning to make connections between their experiences and the stories they hear. Essentially, inference is the process of connecting new information with existing knowledge. It’s how we bridge what we don’t know with what we already know to create understanding.

For parents and teachers of pre-readers and early readers, understanding inference means recognizing it as an essential skill that develops alongside—not after—basic decoding abilities.

Signs Your Child is Developing Inference Skills

Children naturally begin making inferences long before they can read independently. Watch for these promising signs that your young learner is developing this critical thinking skill:

During Storytime

  • Predicts what might happen next in a story
  • Notices when a character’s feelings change based on illustrations or story events
  • Explains why a character might have acted in a certain way
  • Recognizes cause-and-effect relationships that aren’t explicitly stated

In Everyday Life

  • Uses background knowledge to make connections (“It’s cloudy. We might need umbrellas.”)
  • Notices patterns and makes predictions based on observations
  • Asks “why” questions that demonstrate curiosity about unstated information
  • Solves simple problems by connecting available information

These natural behaviors demonstrate that your child is already practicing inference—a skill you can intentionally nurture to support their reading development.

How Inference Connects to Other Early Reading Skills

While phonics and decoding often take center stage in early reading instruction, comprehension skills like inference play an equally important role in developing proficient readers. Here’s how inference connects to other foundational literacy skills:

Vocabulary Development

Children use inference to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words by using context clues. When they encounter a new word, they use surrounding words, pictures, and their background knowledge to make educated guesses about what it means.

Phonemic Awareness and Phonics

As children learn that letters represent sounds, they use inference to apply decoding patterns to new words. After learning that ‘c’ can make a /k/ sound, they might infer that an unfamiliar word like “cat” begins with that same sound.

Reading Comprehension

Inference is one of the most critical components of successful reading. Educational research consistently shows that without the ability to infer meaning, reading becomes merely a mechanical exercise in decoding words without true understanding.

Practical Activities to Develop Inference Skills in Young Children

Helping your pre-reader or early reader develop inference skills can be both fun and effective with these age-appropriate activities:

1. Picture Book Detective

Choose wordless picture books or books with limited text and encourage your child to “read” the story by interpreting the illustrations. Ask questions like:

  • “What do you think is happening in this picture?”
  • “How do you think this character feels? How can you tell?”
  • “What might happen on the next page? Why do you think that?”

2. Mystery Box

Place an object in a box and give your child clues about what’s inside. For example: “It’s round, it bounces, and you can play with it outside.” As they guess, ask them to explain their reasoning—this metacognitive practice strengthens inference skills.

3. Emotion Detectives

Cut out pictures of people showing different emotions from magazines. Ask your child to identify how the person feels and what clues helped them know. Extend the activity by asking them to imagine what might have happened to make the person feel that way.

4. Prediction Pauses

While reading a story aloud, pause at key moments and ask, “What do you think will happen next?” After they predict, ask, “What made you think that?” This helps children identify the clues they’re using to make inferences.

5. Real-Life Inference Practice

Point out everyday situations that require inference: “I see puddles on the ground. What do you think happened while we were sleeping?” or “Look at those birds flying south. What season do you think is coming?”

Activities that encourage prediction and logical reasoning support not only literacy skills but also executive function—the brain’s ability to focus, remember instructions, and juggle multiple tasks.

Support Inference Skills When Reading With Your Child

The way you read with your child can significantly impact their inference development. Try these strategies during your next storytime:

Ask Open-Ended Questions

Instead of yes/no questions, ask “why” and “how” questions that encourage deeper thinking:

  • “Why do you think the character made that choice?”
  • “How do you think the problem might get solved?”
  • “What might the character be thinking right now?”

Think Aloud

Model inference by sharing your own thought process: “Hmm, the illustration shows dark clouds and people carrying umbrellas. I’m inferring it’s about to rain in the story, even though the words don’t say that directly.”

Connect to Prior Knowledge

Help your child link new information to what they already know: “Remember when we saw that butterfly emerge from its chrysalis? This story reminds me of that because…”

Discuss Implied Information

Point out when authors don’t explicitly state information: “The story doesn’t say she’s sad, but we can tell she is because she’s crying in the picture.”

Common Challenges and How to Address Them

As you support your child’s inference development, you might encounter these common challenges:

Literal Thinking

Young children naturally tend toward literal interpretations. If your child focuses only on explicitly stated information, gently guide them toward implied meanings through questions and modeling.

Limited Background Knowledge

Inference requires connecting new information to prior knowledge. Expand your child’s experiences through conversations, outings, videos, and diverse reading materials to build the knowledge base they’ll draw from when making inferences.

Difficulty Articulating Reasoning

Children often make accurate inferences but struggle to explain their thinking. Provide sentence starters like “I think ___ because ___” to help them verbalize their reasoning process.

Balance Explicit Reading Instruction

Balanced literacy instruction should include both explicit phonics instruction and comprehension strategies like inference.  Supporting children as they develop these higher-level thinking skills requires consistent practice and guidance, but the long-term benefits for reading success make it well worth the investment.

Remember that inference skills develop gradually alongside other reading skills—celebrate small successes and maintain a playful, curious approach to learning.

When to Seek Additional Support

While inference skills develop at different rates, some persistent difficulties might warrant additional attention:

  • Consistent trouble understanding implied meanings in simple stories
  • Difficulty connecting related information within a story
  • Inability to use context clues to make logical guesses
  • Struggles with cause-and-effect relationships

If you notice these challenges persisting, consider consulting with your child’s teacher or a reading specialist. Early intervention can make a significant difference in supporting comprehension development.

Build a Foundation for Lifelong Reading Success

Understanding inference and how to nurture it gives you a powerful tool for supporting your young reader’s literacy development. By weaving inference-building activities into everyday interactions, you’re helping your child develop critical thinking skills that will benefit them throughout their reading journey and beyond.

The beauty of inference is that it connects reading to thinking—the ultimate goal of literacy education. As you support your child’s inference skills, you’re not just helping them become better readers; you’re helping them become better thinkers.

Visit Phonics.org regularly for more evidence-based strategies to support your child’s reading development. Our resources help you navigate every aspect of the literacy journey, from phonemic awareness to advanced comprehension skills like inference.

Accessible Literacy Learning (ALL) App Review

Jaymi Thiessen on December 17, 2024

Empowering Nonverbal Learners with Phonics and Reading Skills

Are you curious about other literacy apps that may be a good match for your child? Check out additional expert reviews at phonics.org. 

Continue reading to learn more about the Accessible Literacy Learning (ALL) app. 

What is Accessible Literacy Learning (ALL)?

The ALL (Accessible Literacy Learning) program is designed to help nonverbal students, particularly those who require augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), develop foundational reading skills. Priced at $79.99 USD, it offers an evidence-based approach that allows learners to engage with the material using touch, eye gaze, or scanning instead of verbal prompts. 

The ALL app covers six key reading skills:

  • Sound-blending
  • Phoneme segmentation
  • Letter-sound correspondence
  • Single word decoding
  • Sight word recognition
  • Shared reading 

The ALL app progresses through these skills in various degrees of difficulty moving from easy to more difficult. 

Is the ALL App Easy to Use?

The following factors impact the usability of the ALL app. 

Getting Started With ALL

Getting started with the ALL program is straightforward and relatively simple. A short introductory video provides a clear and quick guide to help users begin, while additional system tutorial videos in the Teacher Mode offer further support. Setting up student profiles is simple and requires minimal information, with the flexibility for multiple children to use the same license.

Teacher Mode also includes convenient features like individual student reports, tracking session frequency, duration, and performance data from student sessions. Switching between Teacher and Student Modes is easy, and both modes are designed to be highly navigable, ensuring a smooth experience for both educators and learners.

Getting started with the ALL app is simple and straightforward.

Modes of Play

The ALL program features three modes of play: 

  1. Independent Mode– student independently completes activities and records data (default mode)
  2. Practice Mode – student completes activities independently or with a facilitator (data not recorded)
  3. Teacher-Assisted Mode– teacher provides some instruction while student completes activities

There is also an option to access a library of books in addition to progressing through the lessons. While the game instructions are clear and concise, they are not repeatable, which could pose a challenge for some learners needing to review the instructions.

Advanced Settings

The ALL app offers customizable settings, including advanced options to adjust the text-to-speech rate and response delay. It is advisable to adjust two important advanced settings:

  1. Text-to-speech rate controls how quickly the instructor speaks 
  2. Response delay sets how much time a student has to answer before the app provides a response

It is highly recommended to tailor these settings to meet the specific needs of each learner. Slowing down the response time could significantly improve the learning experience for many students, making it more effective and accessible.

Adjusting the advanced settings is important in the ALL app

Engagement in the ALL App

The following factors influence user engagement in the ALL app. 

Rewards

The ALL program uses positive reinforcement to motivate students, providing encouraging messages like “You’re right!” along with a rewarding sound and a short and simple animation. There are no distracting reward systems, which helps maintain focus on learning and emphasizes intrinsic motivation. Additionally, students can earn “Skill Acquisition Badges” for successfully mastering specific skills, further rewarding their progress in a meaningful way without taking away from valuable learning time. 

Progression and Pace

The ALL program includes an animation at the top of the screen that shows how many questions have been answered and how many remain in the activity set. This feature helps students predict the duration of the task, offering a sense of progression. 

However, the timing for answering questions can be frustrating. There is a narrow window to tap on the correct answer—if tapped too early, nothing happens; if tapped too late, the app provides the answer and quickly moves on. Requiring a delicate and specific time to answer questions could be frustrating and unmotivating for some young learners. 

Literacy Learning With the ALL App

The following factors influence the quality of literacy instruction in the ALL app. 

Direct and Sequential Phonics Instruction

The ALL app follows a direct and sequential learning approach to literacy learning. This is recommended by literacy experts for building skills from simple to more complex concepts, ensuring mastery at each step. The scope and sequence of the program are clearly outlined and publicly available in the online manual, even without purchasing the app—this is a great feature for transparency and connection to classroom or at-home practice. 

The ALL app uses synthetic phonics, which focuses on blending and segmenting individual letter sounds. This is an efficient method of learning to read and spell words. The letter sounds are clearly and accurately represented, which is another great feature. 

Students are considered to have mastered a skill once they achieve 80% accuracy or higher in two consecutive sessions on that skill. For instructors who prefer more flexibility, there is an option to override this process by using the “Set As Acquired” button on the Skill Overview screen, allowing them to mark a skill as mastered immediately.

Phonemic Awareness

The Phonemic Awareness section of the ALL app provides a solid foundation for learners, especially when it comes to critical skills like blending and segmenting sounds, which are key to reading and spelling. The app begins by showing four real photographs, with the corresponding vocabulary spoken aloud, which also builds vocabulary skills. Repetition of the pictures further reinforces learning.

The app effectively models phonemic awareness skills and encourages learners to apply these skills to answer questions. One standout feature is the app’s use of continuous blending, which is an excellent way to help students learn to read words. In continuous blending, sounds are pronounced without stopping or pausing between them – for example, when reading “am,” the “a” sound is held continuously and flows directly into the “m” sound, rather than breaking it up into separate sounds. While it’s rarely featured in other literacy apps, ALL’s implementation of continuous blending is a valuable addition to its teaching toolkit.

However, while the app introduces phoneme segmentation tasks, these are more aligned with phoneme isolation. Instead of having learners break words into their individual sounds, they are asked to identify the first sound in a word. Though both tasks are valuable, the labeling of these activities as segmentation is slightly misleading.

Learners are asked to choose a picture that starts with the highlighted letter sound.

Shared Reading

The Shared Reading feature in the ALL app is designed to support nonverbal learners by allowing them to interact with sentences read aloud by the app. The learner is prompted to complete a sentence by tapping on a corresponding picture. 

However, the app’s computer-generated voice reads the sentences in a fast and monotone manner. It is not the same clear voice used in other parts of the app. The voice lacks expression or fluency, making it sound robotic and abrupt, which makes it difficult to understand. 

Players are expected to tap a picture that represents the highlighted word in the sentence.

Is the ALL App Good for Learning to Read?

The Accessible Literacy Learning (ALL) app is a valuable tool for helping nonverbal students, particularly those who rely on augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), build foundational literacy skills. It offers an evidence-based, systematic approach to teaching phonemic awareness, blending, and sight word recognition. The app provides customizable settings, modes of play, and positive reinforcement techniques to keep students engaged. However, while it has strong features, there are areas in need of improvement.

The phonemic awareness section is particularly strong, especially with the inclusion of continuous blending, a feature not commonly found in other literacy apps. However, the app’s shared reading function falls short, largely due to the poor quality of the computer-generated voice, which undermines the fluency and expression essential for effective learning. 

Despite these issues, the ALL app offers a structured and accessible approach to literacy learning for nonverbal students. Educators and caregivers should consider the app’s strengths in phonemic awareness and phonics instruction but should also be aware of its limitations, especially in shared reading. With some refinement, the ALL app has the potential to be a more effective and engaging tool for literacy development.

ALL (Accessible Literacy Learning): Overall Ratings

Quality of Literacy Instruction: 3.5 / 5

Usability:  4.5 / 5

Engagement: 3 / 5

Sound Beginnings App Review

Jaymi Thiessen on November 29, 2024

A Simple Approach to Phoneme Isolation

Check out the other articles at phonics.org to see how other literacy apps measure up. 

Continue reading this article to learn more about the Sound Beginnings app. 

What is Sound Beginnings?

Sound Beginnings is an app created by Preschool University, designed for children ages 4 and up. Its primary goal is to help young learners practice phoneme isolation—identifying and isolating individual sounds in words and matching them to their corresponding letters. This is an early literacy skill. The app offers a free trial, and users can unlock full access with a small one-time fee.

There are four practice games for children in the app. All four games help children identify individual sounds in words:

  • Game 1: Images to Letters – Match images with the given letter sound
  • Game 2: Letters to Images – Fill in missing letters in a given
  • Game 3: Which One Doesn’t Belong – Find the image that doesn’t fit the sound pattern
  • Game 4: Double Match – Match image pairs that fit the given letters 
Four game options on the landing page of the Sound Beginnings App

Is the Sound Beginnings App Easy to Use?

The following factors influence how easy it is to use Sound Beginnings. 

Getting Started and Navigation

Sound Beginnings is easy to get started with—simply download and begin playing. No sign-up or account creation is required. The main landing page presents four games to choose from, along with settings and instructions. Navigation is straightforward, and it’s easy to access all sections. 

Instructions  

The instructions section of the app is lengthy and detailed, but it is written exclusively for adults, not children. There are no verbal instructions within the games themselves, which means children will need an adult to guide them through each game (at least initially). This reliance on adult assistance can be inconvenient and limits the app’s overall usability, particularly for young users who may need more in-app support and reminders. Also, even adults may have difficulty figuring out how to play the game at first. A simple, repeatable oral direction for each game would be a beneficial upgrade. 

Game instructions are only available for literate grown-ups

Engagement in Sound Beginnings

The following factors influence a child’s engagement in the Sound Beginnings app. 

Positive Reinforcement

One of the standout features of Sound Beginnings is its approach to positive reinforcement. The app avoids an elaborate external reward system, which ensures that the focus remains on learning rather than on distracting rewards. This minimalist approach supports the educational goals of the game without overwhelming young users. 

The grid of 12 bears that fills in with each correct answer is a subtle yet effective motivator. Additionally, it provides children with a clear sense of progress by showing how many questions are left, helping them understand how much longer the game will last. The absence of flashy “bells and whistles” is intentional, ensuring that the learning experience stays front and center without unnecessary distractions.

Visual Appearance

The visual appearance of Sound Beginnings feels somewhat outdated, which may not appeal to all users. However, the app’s use of real images is a notable strength. These images are generally clear, and there’s the added benefit that they can be clicked on to hear their names, eliminating any ambiguity about what the pictures represent. This feature is particularly useful for vocabulary building, as it helps reinforce word-object associations in a straightforward and engaging way. Despite its dated design, the app’s image-based approach effectively supports early learning.

The visual design and some images in Sound Beginnings are outdated

Literacy Learning With the Sound Beginnings App

The following factors impact the quality of literacy instruction in the Sound Beginning app. 

Direct and Sequential Instruction

Sound Beginnings focuses primarily on practicing the identification of individual sounds in words, but it doesn’t provide direct instruction on sound-letter associations. The app assumes that children already have a basic understanding of all letter sounds, as it is designed specifically for practicing this skill rather than teaching it from scratch.

While there isn’t a clearly outlined scope and sequence or phonics plan, the game follows a logical progression by starting with beginning sounds, moving to ending sounds, and then focusing on middle sounds. This sequence aligns with how children typically develop their phonemic awareness, making it a sensible approach for reinforcing sound identification.

Letter Sound Correspondences

Sound Beginnings does a decent job of reinforcing phoneme-grapheme (letter to sound) correspondences. It presents letter sounds clearly and accurately with an American English accent which is important for children who are learning to read and spell. 

Phonemic Awareness

Phonemic awareness is the ability to manipulate spoken sounds in a language and is an essential skill for new readers to develop. Phoneme isolation is one key component of phonemic awareness and is the simplest and most basic skill for new readers to learn. However, it is important not to linger on this skill for too long. Moving on to blending and segmenting phonemes to read and spell is more important for developing reading and spelling proficiency. Choose a different app to move on to these other essential phonemic awareness skills. 

Is Sound Beginnings a Good Literacy App?

Sound Beginnings offers a focused approach to practicing letter-sound associations and building one specific phonemic awareness skill: phoneme identification. The Sound Beginnings is easy to get started and navigate. It offers real images and subtle positive reinforcement to engage new readers. The letter sounds in this app are accurate and it does reinforce an important phonemic awareness skill. 

However, its limitations include a lack of direct instruction and a reliance on adult guidance for young users. Each of the four games would be easier to play and understand if simple, repeatable, oral directions were an option. Additionally, the absence of additional phonemic awareness skills such as blending and segmenting means it should not be the only tool for developing a child’s literacy skills. 

Overall, Sound Beginnings is a solid choice for practicing foundational phonemic awareness, but parents and educators should consider using additional resources to support further phonics development. 

Check out Phonics.org for more phonics app reviews, instruction tips, and learning resources as you teach your child to read!

Sound Beginnings: Overall Ratings

Quality of Literacy Instruction: 3 / 5

Usability:  2.5 / 5

Engagement: 3 / 5

Read With Phonics Games – App Review

Jaymi Thiessen on November 22, 2024

A Simple and Playful Phonics Experience

There are tons of phonics reviews at phonics.org! Check them out to become more informed about educational options for your student or child. 

Continue reading to learn more about Read With Phonics Games app.

What is Read With Phonics Games?

Read With Phonics – Games is an educational literacy app designed for children ages 4 and up. The app features an engaging alien character named Albee who guides young learners through various phonics activities with a British English accent. Read With Phonics has no advertisements and is free to trial. However, to access full learning content there are some optional one-time, in-app purchases.

Is the Read With Phonics App Easy to Use?

The following factors influence the usability of Read With Phonics app.  

Set-Up & Navigation

Read with Phonics is user-friendly, allowing users to simply download the app and get started. The main interface is a map with four distinct categories, each targeting different phonics concepts: 

  • Water World – Common consonant sounds and short vowels
  • Forest World – Less common consonant sounds, digraphs, and long vowels
  • Lava Land – Digraphs, vowel teams, r-controlled vowels, diphthongs
  • Jelly City – Long vowels (CVe), diphthongs
The main page is divided into four levels of phonics games

The four sections are arranged in a logical and sequential order for children to follow. Players can skip ahead to any section based on their individual needs. The parent area is easily accessible, offering a few options for managing the app. One downside is that there isn’t an option to adjust the sound effects, which could be annoying for some users, especially with the frequent giggling of the alien character.

Instructions and Gameplay

The instructions in Read With Phonics Games are short, simple, and clear. The app as a whole is delivered in a British English accent which may be a downside or limitation for students with different accents. One great feature is the ability to replay the instructions as many times as necessary, thanks to a clearly marked audio button. This ensures that children can follow along at their own pace without confusion. The games are designed to be easy to play and intuitive, allowing kids to engage with the content independently while building their phonics skills.

Engagement in Read With Phonics App

The following components influence player engagement in the Read With Phonics – Games app. 

Positive Reinforcement

The app encourages player engagement primarily through positive feedback and progress tracking. The app allows children to easily see how far they’ve come by showing progress on a map, with each map level indicating how much further is left to complete. A progress bar helps kids understand their advancement and motivates them to keep going. There are also completion badges to collect which may visually enhance progress in the game. 

One of the app’s strengths is its avoidance of distracting external rewards. Rather than bombarding players with flashy incentives, it keeps the focus on learning and steady progress, which helps children stay engaged without losing sight of the educational goals.

Mistakes

In Read With Phonics Games, when a player makes three mistakes in any activity, they are immediately booted out of the map level and must start over. While this may encourage persistence, it could be discouraging for some children, especially if they struggle with a particular skill or concept. 

The current approach relies heavily on a “guess and check” method, which might not be the most effective way to support learning. It could be more beneficial to introduce a mechanism that helps teach or reinforce the specific phonics skills a child is struggling with, rather than forcing them to restart. This could reduce frustration and provide a more supportive learning experience.

Literacy Learning With the Read With Phonics App

The following components impact the quality of the literacy instruction in the Read With Phonics Games app.  

Direct and Explicit Instruction

This app does not provide direct and explicit phonics instruction, which is typically recommended by reading experts for building foundational literacy skills. Instead, the app functions more as a practice tool rather than a “learn to read” game. The setup encourages children to learn new concepts by providing clear positive or negative feedback based on their answers. 

While this feedback system can help reinforce learning, it does not offer the in-depth instruction or skill-building that some children might need to master phonics concepts. For example, players will learn how to read ‘-ll’ at the end of words but now why or how the FLOSS rule is relevant. This approach places more emphasis on practice and self-correction, rather than providing explicit teaching of phonics rules.

Read With Phonics does not explain why this word ends in a double ‘ll’

Sequential Learning

Sequential learning, which is recommended by reading experts, is an important principle in phonics instruction. It ensures that phonics concepts are introduced in a logical order, starting with the simplest concepts and gradually progressing to more complex ones. In Read With Phonics Games, the intended sequence is designed to follow this principle. 

Sequence of lessons in one segment of the Read With Phonics app

However, there are some inconsistencies in how the game handles this approach. For example, the second activity in the entire game involves placing the correct vowel sound in the word “ham,” even though the sounds /h/ and /m/ haven’t been taught or practiced yet. This can disrupt the flow of learning, as it doesn’t always adhere to the progression from easier to more difficult concepts. 

Learning to Read Words

In the app, the letter sounds are usually clearly pronounced and accurately represented with a British English accent. This clarity helps young learners focus on the precise sounds needed for reading. 

The app also uses synthetic phonics, where individual letter sounds are blended together to form words and segmented to spell words. Research shows that synthetic phonics is one of the most effective methods for both reading and spelling, making this approach a strong educational choice. 

The app does a good job of modeling how to blend sounds together to read. As part of the gameplay, kids are asked to match words with pictures, which encourages them to sound out and read words. This method of associating words with images is good for children with strong vocabularies. However, children who aren’t certain of the initial meaning of the word or do not know what the picture is may have more difficulties completing this activity. 

Matching words to pictures in Read With Phonics

Is Read With Phonics a Good Literacy App?

This app offers a user-friendly interface with four distinct levels that cover various sequential phonics concepts. The app is easy to use and fairly engaging. It provides positive reinforcement through progress tracking and badges. The app also uses systematic synthetic phonics to teach children how to read words. This approach is backed by reading experts.  

However, the app doesn’t offer direct and explicit phonics instruction. Instead of providing an in-depth explanation of phonics rules, such as why certain spelling patterns are used, the app focuses on practice and feedback. It also occasionally strays from the ideal sequence of learning, with some concepts introduced out of order. 

Overall, Read With Phonics is a good app that would work well alongside a full literacy program. While the app is a good tool for reinforcing phonics skills, it may not fully support children who need more explicit instruction or guidance. Check out more phonics reviews at Phonics.org to find the best app for your child!

Read With Phonics Games: Overall Ratings

Quality of Literacy Instruction: 3 / 5

Usability:  4 / 5

Engagement:  4 / 5

GraphoGame: Learn To Read App Review

Jaymi Thiessen on November 16, 2024

Does The ‘World’s Most Researched Game’ Meet Current Standards? 

Are you curious about how other literacy apps measure up? Check out the other detailed literacy app reviews on phonics.org. 

Continue reading to learn more about the GraphoGame: Learn to Read app.

What is GraphoGame: Learn to Read?

GraphoGame: Learn to Read is an educational app designed for children aged 3 and up. The app aims to make the learning to read process engaging and accessible. Initially developed in Finland, it was created in collaboration with the University of Cambridge’s Centre for Neuroscience in Education. With support for nine different languages and usage in over 20 countries, GraphoGame has a significant reach.

The app makes bold claims about its effectiveness, stating that it can help young children learn to read in just days. It also touts itself as “the most researched game in the world.” This review will take a critical look at the GraphoGame: Learn to Read app and the feasibility of these grand claims. This review focuses on the American English version of the GraphoGame app. 

Is the GraphoGame: Learn to Read App Easy To Play?

The following factors impact the usability of the GraphoGame app. 

Getting Started With GraphoGame: Learn to Read 

Getting started with GraphoGame requires a sign-up process that begins with selecting the child’s gender. It is unclear why this information is relevant. Users must then create a username and a 4-digit pin code, which combines pictures and letters—an approach that feels overly complicated for young children.

Once set up, the app offers two distinct modes:

  1. The Adventure Map – designed for independent play
  2. The Stars Mode – more suitable for older children and educational settings

Additionally, there doesn’t appear to be an easily accessible method of changing the starting point in the game to match the literacy skills of the player. While the app claims to be adaptive, providing the option for a grown-up to choose a starting point would be an advantageous feature. Finally, the navigation in the Adventure Map can be clunky and awkward, especially for young players. 

The Adventure Map in GraphoGame can be awkward to navigate

Instructions and Settings

GraphoGame includes helpful features for guiding young players through the app. Instructions and sound cues can be repeated as needed, and they will automatically repeat if too much time passes, which is a great support for children who may need extra reminders. 

Data Collection

GraphoGame offers detailed data collection regarding student performance and achievement at each level, providing valuable insights for parents and educators. This feedback is instrumental in helping adults understand how well a child is progressing, identifying areas where they may need additional support. By highlighting specific strengths and weaknesses, the app enables parents and teachers to guide their children more effectively in their literacy journey. 

GraphoGame offers detailed data and feedback on individual student progress

Engagement In GraphoGame: Learn to Read

The following factors impact how potentially engaging young players may find the GraphoGame: Learn to Read app. 

Rewards

In GraphoGame: Learn to Read, engagement is driven by a variety of reward systems that young players may find appealing. Players earn stars, track their correct answer percentages, and collect coins. These coins can be spent in an occasional in-game store for items like garments and accessories for their avatars. The gameplay follows a cycle of 10 minutes of tasks followed by 2 minutes of reward opportunities. While these rewards can enhance engagement, they also risk diverting attention from the educational goals of the app.

Potential purchaser rewards in the GraphoGame app

Visual Appearance

The visual appearance of GraphoGame: Learn to Read features an individualized avatar, which adds an engaging personal touch for young players. However, the animations feel somewhat clunky and dated, suggesting that there is room for improvement in the overall visual design of the app.

Literacy Learning With GraphoGame: Learn to Read

The following factors influence the quality of literacy instruction in the GraphoGame: Learn to Read app. 

Research Claims

GraphoGame: Learn to Read positions itself as “the most researched game in the world.” A few studies on the app found a positive correlation between students playing the games and improved literacy outcomes. However, this evaluation found that the GraphoGame app had “no impact on pupils’ reading attainment compared to a business-as-usual control” (p. 5). Additionally, the students were receiving school-based literacy support in addition to time spent with the app, confounding the results further. 

Type of Phonics

GraphoGame: Learn to Read primarily employs an Onset-Rime phonics approach, teaching children initial consonant sounds followed by vowel/consonant combinations (e.g., /m/ + “at” for “mat”). While any phonics instruction is beneficial, research shows that synthetic phonics is more efficient for learning to read and spell. 

A synthetic phonics approach combines (synthesizes) individual letter sounds to read words. This approach is recommended by the International Dyslexia Association and multiple researchers in the field. Overall, GraphoGame’s reliance on an analytic phonics method may limit its effectiveness. 

Sequential Learning

GraphoGame: Learn to Read incorporates systematic phonics instruction, structured into 25 streams, each divided into 5-9 levels, along with 7 assessments. This sequential approach aligns with recommendations from literacy experts. However, the lack of a publicly available scope and sequence (phonics plan) for these streams limits accessibility for educators and parents who want to understand or anticipate their child’s learning progression. 

Letter Sounds

The GraphoGame: Learn to Read app generally provides clear and accurate representations of letter sounds. However, it inaccurately represents the short /e/ sound (as in ‘echo’). This sound is often the most challenging for students to identify and learn, and is also one of the most commonly used and important sounds to learn. The inaccuracy of this specific sound in the game is a huge pitfall. 

These short vowel sounds are difficult to distinguish in the GraphoGame app. 

Word Building

Elkonin boxes are rectangles that surround individual sounds in words in order to demonstrate the connection between sounds and letters in words. GraphoGame uses these boxes in their app to encourage children to read and spell words. Sometimes this literacy tool is used correctly in the app, and at other times the app incorrectly boxes entire rhyme units instead of individual sounds. This misapplication detracts from the overall effectiveness of the word-building instruction.

Incorrect use of Elkonin boxes in the GraphoGame app

Is the GraphoGame App Good for Literacy Instruction?

The GraphoGame app offers a range of features aimed at making literacy learning engaging and accessible for young children. However, it faces significant challenges including outdated animations, inconsistent use of phonics tools, and a questionable research base regarding its effectiveness. 

While the app’s structured phonics instruction and data collection features provide valuable insights for parents and educators, the reliance on an analytic phonics approach may limit its impact compared to more effective methods like synthetic phonics. Overall, while GraphoGame has potential, it requires improvements in instructional accuracy and visual design to fully realize its educational goals. 

For those interested in exploring other literacy apps, check out detailed reviews on phonics.org to see how they compare.

GraphoGame: Learn to Read – Overall Ratings

Quality of Literacy Instruction: 2 / 5

Usability:  3 / 5

Engagement:  3 / 5

Alphablocks: Letter Fun App Review

Jaymi Thiessen on November 8, 2024

Exploring Letter Sound Learning with the Alphablocks: Letter Fun App

Check out phonics.org to see more detailed literacy app reviews and make informed choices for your students or children. 

Continue reading to learn more about the Alphablocks: Letter Fun app. 

What is the Alphablocks App?

The Alphablocks: Letter Fun app is inspired by the popular BBC series Learning Blocks TV. It features beloved characters from the Alphablocks, Number Blocks, and Colour Blocks educational TV shows. 

The Alphablocks segment specifically focuses on literacy, drawing from the rich content of the TV show, which boasts over 80 episodes. The Alphablocks: Letter Fun app aims to help young children master learning the connection between letters and the sounds they represent in an interactive way. Currently, it is available in British English only and is offered as a paid app.

Are the Alphablocks: Letter Fun Apps Easy to Use?

The following factors impact the overall usability of the Alphablocks: Letter Fun app. 

Getting Around Alphablocks: Letter Fun

The Alphablocks app is generally easy to navigate. Settings are cleverly accessed by holding a “Grown Ups” button which also provides a description of the Alphablocks.  

There are two main areas for learners to explore:

  1. Meet the Alphablocks – hear a letter sound, play 4 mini games for each letter
  • Bubble Pop – pop bubbles to match letter sounds
  • Paint Me – letter sounds game
  • Favorite Things – pop things that start with a certain letter sound
  • Hide & Seek – spot a hiding Alphablock
  1. Sing Along 
  • A to Z – every Alphablock sings its letter sound song

Choose to play in sequence or mix it up randomly—it’s all about fun and learning! 

The Home screen in Alphablocks: Letter Fun

Settings

The Alphablocks: Letter Fun app offers a few customizable settings on the grown-ups’ page. Parents can toggle between letter sounds and letter names, enabling children to engage with the game in different ways. Additionally, there are options to adjust game settings or reset progress, although it would be beneficial to include the ability to add multiple users for shared experiences.

Instructions 

One notable feature is the absence of distracting music, which is a significant advantage for a game focused on letter sounds. However, the inability to repeat instructions in the minigames can be a drawback. Without the option to revisit instructions, young players may find it challenging to navigate some of the minigames. 

Engagement in Alphablocks: Letter Fun

The following factors influence the engagement that learners may have with the app. 

Gameplay

The appearance of the animated characters from a known TV show definitely works to capture the attention of kids who will be drawn into the game. The design, animations, and songs are cute and engaging for young kids.  

The four mini-games in the Alphablocks: Letter Fun app are predictable and repetitive, but this design is intentional—routine and repetition are important for helping children solidify the connection between letters and their corresponding sounds. More children could consistently and actively participate in the app by adding the option to repeat instructions for each game. 

The Favorite Things mini game asks players to match things with the same initial letter sound

Feedback & Rewards

In the Alphablocks: Letter Fun app, the emphasis is on educational games rather than elaborate reward systems. When kids answer correctly, they receive positive sounds, stars, and verbal praise, which reinforces their achievements. There are also nice little touches, like when the Alphablocks celebrate completing all four mini-games with a cheerful song. Overall, the app effectively maintains a focus on educational goals while keeping the experience engaging and enjoyable. 

Literacy Learning With Alphablocks: Letter Fun

These factors impact how effective the Alphablocks: Letter Fun app is at teaching kids important literacy skills. 

Letter Sounds

The Alphablocks: Letter Fun app does a great job of providing accurate letter sounds in British English, which is essential for effective learning. Most games are pretty good at teaching letter sound connections, but there are a few glitches to note. For instance, in the Bubble Pop game, kids are asked to catch bubbles that say /k/, but only the letter <C> is counted as a correct answer. 

On the positive side, the app uses repetition of letter sounds which is excellent for helping kids make those important connections. However, some representations of letter sounds in the alphabet song could be more distinctive. Overall, while there are a few hiccups, the app mostly provides a solid foundation for learning letter sounds.

Phonemic Awareness

The Alphablocks: Letter Fun app primarily focuses on teaching letter sounds, which is a worthy goal for an educational literacy app. There are additional phonemic awareness exercises in the app such as identifying the first sound in a word (known as phoneme isolation). 

In the Alphablocks: Letter Fun app all letter sounds are taught at once in any order the child chooses. While there’s nothing wrong with learning all the letter sounds at once, some reading programs opt to teach a few sounds first and emphasize blending them to read words. This method can help speed up the learning-to-read process.

Is the Alphablocks: Letter Fun App Good for Learning?

Overall, the Alphablocks: Letter Fun app is easy to learn how to use and is fairly engaging for young children who are learning their letter-sound associations. The easy-to-use app uses cute animated Alphablock characters from the TV show with catchy songs to engage children in learning some foundational literacy skills. 

The app has a simple system for teaching letter-sound associations through four repetitious mini games. These games are useful, well-designed and developmentally appropriate, but could be improved by adding repeatable instructions for the games. There are also minor letter sound errors in the game, which could be occasionally confusing for kids. Overall, The Alphablocks: Letter Fun has a helpful method for teaching children the valuable goal of learning letter sound correspondences. 

Want to discover more phonics education apps? Check out Phonics.org for a growing library of honest reviews from literacy experts!

Alphablocks: Letter Fun – Overall Ratings

Quality of Literacy Instruction: 3 / 5

Usability:  4 / 5

Engagement: 4 / 5

ABC Spelling Magic App Review

Jaymi Thiessen on October 31, 2024

Preschool University Takes On Spelling Practice

Read more literacy app reviews on phonics.org to make informed choices about your child’s education. 

Continue reading to learn more about the ABC Spelling Magic apps available through Preschool University. 

What is ABC Spelling Magic?

ABC Spelling Magic is a group of four spelling apps developed by Preschool University. Each app Spelling Magic app is numbered from 1-4 and has its own spelling phonics focus:

  1. Working with CVC (consonant-vowel-consonant) words like ‘fed’
  2. Working with CCVC/CVCC words
  3. Words with words with multiple syllables
  4. Silent final e rules like ‘bake’ or ‘bite’

With over 50 educational apps, Preschool University has an abundance of digital options for literacy learning. These vast app options allow for more individual choices for educators and parents. 

However, this volume of app choices can also be overwhelming for adults to choose from. Finding and matching specific apps to the next literacy skill to be learned can be trickier than using one app that encompasses all of these literacy skills in a sequential format. 

This review focuses on usability, engagement, and quality of literacy instruction for the four Spelling Magic Apps created by Preschool University.  

Is ABC Spelling Magic Easy to Use?

The following factors impact the usability of the ABC Magic Spelling apps.  

Navigation

The ABC Spelling Magic app offers a user-friendly experience with easy sign-in and no login requirements. It features two main play areas: 

  • Word Building: players spell specific words with a limited selection of letters
  • Movable Alphabet: players spell specific words with the entire alphabet to choose from

An added benefit is the Spelling Magic 4 game, which introduces a section for transitioning from long to short spelling, enhancing phonetic understanding (e.g., changing “can” to “cane”). 

Once a user starts a session, they must complete it without the option to exit. This ensures a focused learning experience but may be challenging for users with shorter attention spans. Words are thoughtfully organized by vowel sound or a language theme to allow for more focused practice. 

The ABC Spelling Magic apps are easy to navigate

Gameplay and Instructions

ABC Spelling Magic offers an engaging and user-friendly experience, making it easy for kids to play and interact with the various games. The word-building game is designed with scaffolding in mind, allowing children to select from a limited set of letters, which simplifies the learning process. For those ready for a challenge, the movable alphabet option requires children to choose from the entire alphabet, providing a more advanced gameplay experience.

To maintain a consistent learning environment, all four apps feature two different routines, with variations only in phonics focus and difficulty. This consistency not only aids learners but also helps educators and parents easily pick up and engage with any game, regardless of the child’s level. While the game instructions may be a bit verbose, they contain tips for parents and educators willing to navigate through the text, ensuring that everyone can support the child’s learning journey.

Movable alphabet mode in ABC Spelling Magic – the word to build is ‘lesson’

Engagement in ABC Spelling Magic

The following factors may impact the engagement of users playing ABC Spelling Magic. 

Simple Appearance

User engagement in ABC Spelling Magic can be influenced by several key factors. The app features a simple and uncluttered design, which is beneficial for both older and younger students. This straightforward appearance minimizes distractions, making it easier for children with attentional or auditory difficulties to focus on their learning. The absence of excessive animations, sounds, and rewards allows for a more direct and effective educational experience.

Additionally, the use of actual photographs to represent words helps bridge the interests of younger and older children, reinforcing vocabulary concepts in an engaging way. However, this simplification may also lead to feelings of boredom for some users who might prefer more dynamic elements in their learning tools. Additionally, the layout and presentation of the app feel slightly outdated. Overall, while the app’s simplicity enhances accessibility and focus, it may not cater to every child’s preferences for engagement.

Thematic organization of words in the ABC Spelling Magic App with real photographs

Literacy Learning With ABC Spelling Magic

The following factors impact the quality of literacy learning in the ABC Spelling Magic apps. 

Direct and Explicit Instruction

ABC Spelling Magic is specifically designed for children who already have a grasp of letter sounds and understand that words are formed by combining these sounds. Literacy experts emphasize the importance of direct and explicit instruction in spelling, and the app encourages interaction between learners and guiding adults. However, the effectiveness of this approach heavily depends on the knowledge and willingness of the adult to support the child, which may vary in different circumstances.

While the app offers a structured learning experience, it lacks essential spelling tips and explanations that could further benefit children. For instance, the first app in the series includes words that end with “ll,” but it does not explain the rule behind doubling letters. This could be addressed by introducing concepts like the Floss or FLSZ rule, which states that single-syllable words ending in the letters f, l, s, or z are often doubled. Providing clearer explanations of such spelling patterns would significantly enhance the app’s instructional effectiveness.

Sequential Learning

ABC Spelling Magic features four versions, each designed with increasing levels of difficulty in phonics knowledge. This progressive structure aligns well with the educational recommendation to build phonics skills sequentially, starting with simpler patterns and gradually introducing more complex ones. However, there are some important phonics concepts that are not included in the app’s scope and sequence.

For instance, digraphs—two letters that represent a single sound—are notably absent from the phonics plan. This would include words like ‘chat’ or ‘shut’. Given that digraphs are a common and essential phonics pattern, their omission may limit the app’s comprehensiveness in teaching foundational spelling skills. Addressing this gap could further enhance the app’s effectiveness in supporting sequential learning in phonics.

Elkonin Boxes

Elkonin boxes are a common teaching strategy for showing learners how to segment words into their individual sounds. Each sound box represents one sound in a word. ABC Spelling Magic uses Elkonin boxes to teach segmentation skills for both the Word Building and Movable Alphabet games, which is a solid instructional strategy for teaching foundational spelling skills. 

Unfortunately, the ABC Spelling Magic apps make a slight mistake when using these boxes. Words that have double letters (two letters representing one sound) like ‘fill’ use two sound boxes for the letter <L>s instead of one. This is a confusing and mistaken use of sound boxes that are intended to emphasize the connection between sounds and letters in words. 

Ideally, the two <L> letters would fit in one sound box for this word

Are the ABC Spelling Magic Apps Good For Learning to Spell?

The ABC Spelling Magic apps from Preschool University offer a structured and user-friendly approach to early literacy development. With a clear focus on phonics progression and accessible gameplay, these apps offer some basic spelling skills and practice for learners who already know their letter sounds. 

However, while the simplicity of the apps keeps the focus on learning, it may not capture the attention of all learners. Additionally, certain prevalent phonics concepts, such as digraphs are missing from the sequential learning plan for spelling in these apps. While some instructions are available in the app, they do not cover the explicit instruction of common spelling rules and patterns such as those involved in double letters at the ends of words. Finally, while the use of Elkonin boxes is commendable for spelling instruction, there are mistakes in the execution of this instructional tool that let down the app. 

ABC Spelling Magic: Overall Ratings

Quality of Literacy Instruction: 2 / 5

Usability:  3 / 5

Engagement: 2.5  / 5

Reading Magic App 1 – Learning to Read Review

Jaymi Thiessen on October 15, 2024

A Closer Look at Preschool University

Want to read honest, expert reviews on literacy apps? Check out the Phonics.org library where our literacy experts share their insights! 

In this article, we explore the quality of instruction within the Reading Magic: Learning to Read app. 

What is Reading Magic?

Reading Magic is a literacy app developed by Preschool University. This app is the first in a five-part series of educational apps, each designed to teach progressively more challenging phonics skills to kids.

 This review focuses on Reading Magic 1, specifically the reading of CVC (consonant-vowel-consonant) words like ‘leg’ or ‘bed.’

Reading Magic is designed for children ages four and up. The expectation is that players already understand common letter-sound correspondences before interacting with this app. The app offers a free version, with an optional paid upgrade. Reading Magic instructional targets include three key skills: 

  • Blending 
  • Segmenting 
  • Reading words

Is the Reading Magic App Easy to Use?

The following factors impact the usability of the Reading Magic app. 

Navigation

The Reading Magic app offers an easy-to-navigate interface. Young children can easily move between the three main practice areas in the app. While players can be added or deleted without the need for logins, switching between users may be a little tricky for young children and would likely require adult support. 

The app features an admin area for parents or educators to track lesson completion. However, accessing this area involves answering unnecessarily complicated skill-testing math questions. Simplifying this process could enhance the overall experience for families.

Settings in Reading Magic

App Settings

The app includes customizable settings, which are simple to change in any place in the game. One setting option is to choose a specific color for the vowels. Notably, the color of the letters is not crucial for literacy learning and the goal should be to quickly move vowels and consonant graphemes to the same color. 

Additionally, the app features a “tile effect” that displays the letter within each tile. Parents and educators should always choose the tile effect that shows the letter. This kind of phonemic awareness training has been shown to be twice as effective when done alongside the visual letters. 

Instructions

The app provides comprehensive instructions that, while somewhat verbose, are easy to locate and offer valuable guidance for parents and educators on how to support their children’s learning. An instructional video clearly outlines blending techniques and various activities within the app, making it simple for users to understand and utilize the available features effectively.

Written and video instructions in Reading Magic

Engagement in Reading Magic

The following aspects impact learner engagement with the app. 

Bells & Whistles

Engagement in the app is shaped by its intentional design choices, avoiding “bells and whistles” like excessive sound effects that could distract from phonics learning. This no-nonsense approach creates a clear learning environment, although it may slightly reduce overall engagement.

While the app serves as a focused practice tool rather than a traditional game, it does include a small song and a sun icon to celebrate when a child completes a “set.” This feature may appeal to younger users. Learners of all ages may appreciate the use of real images and photographs throughout the app.

Passive Participation

The first activity in Reading Magic doesn’t necessarily require active participation. The app models the sounds for three sequential letters and then states the word that is represented by blending those sounds. 

Although Reading Magic is designed to promote independent segmenting and reading skills, it’s easy for players to bypass this critical thinking process. Parent or educator involvement with the learner in Reading Magic is recommended to ensure the child is actively applying their skills. This collaborative approach can help children deepen their understanding and make the learning experience more interactive.

Literacy Learning With Reading Magic

The following factors influence the quality of literacy learning in the Reading Magic app. 

Sequential Learning

The app features a clear sequence for learning, yet it lacks transparency regarding the specific letter sounds included in each “set.” This may leave educators unclear about the overall phonics plan and progression within the app. 

Furthermore, the instructions in the app suggest that all blending and segmenting skills should be mastered before moving on to the reading section. However, this advice isn’t necessarily accurate. In fact, practicing segmenting skills can be beneficial for spelling and does not need to be mastered before a child learns to read words.

Phonemic Awareness

The app focuses on teaching phonemic awareness skills (blending and segmenting) which are important for decoding (word-reading) and encoding (spelling). The voices in the app provide accurate and clear letter sounds delivered by both male and female voices in American English. 

First, learners blend sounds to read a word. Then they can reveal the connected image. 

Reading Magic currently only represents final blending. Final blending is when each sound is stated with a pause in between. For example /b/ /e/ /d/ sounds would combine to make the word ‘bed.’ Incorporating continuous blending or connected phonation (blending sounds without pauses in between) would be helpful for many new readers as it is considered the easiest method for learning to blend. 

Is Reading Magic a Good Literacy App?

In short, Reading Magic 1 has some useful skill-building activities for new readers. It’s designed to help young learners master reading CVC words through blending. Its user-friendly interface facilitates easy start-up and navigation, although some features—like user switching and admin access—could be simplified. 

While the app prioritizes a clear learning environment by avoiding distractions, this simplified approach may sacrifice some engagement for younger users. Overall, the app provides valuable phonemic awareness training. However, incorporating continuous blending methods could enhance its effectiveness for emerging readers.

Reading Magic: Learning to Read – Overall Ratings

Quality of Literacy Instruction: 3 / 5

Usability: 3  / 5

Engagement:  3 / 5

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